This page answers a question "What is being done about it?" by describing how different stakeholders take measures to improve situation related to this ISSUE, from raising awaraness by NGOs to introducing new taxes and laws. (This corresponds to the "R" part of the DPSIR framework.)

Various instruments of environmental management are described in separate chapters of the report such as Economic instruments, Legislation etc. Therefore presentation here should rather concentrate on how various instruments and policies are applied to this ISSUE, e.g. by adopting a specific regulation to establish a new green area. Afterwards a user may be referred to e.g. the Law chapter for a more comprehensive discussion of environmental legislation framework in the City.


Presentation on this page will normally consist of text explaining the situation, and (preview) graphics such as trends, maps, diagrams etc. displaying specific indicators. For each indicator, a preview can be linked to a separate page where a full-screen graphic and information about this indicator are, ideally with links to related data tables and sources of information.

It is a challenge to reach here a balance between the amount of text and graphics (not too much or too little of either), as well as to make sure that text and graphics are not separate from each other but are used in a complementary way to explain each other.

At a later stage, a list of possible indicators for each ISSUE will be included into this tool to help CEROI cities to select or develop their own indicators for their reports. Below is an example of how a list of possible "response" indicators may look for the Air Quality chapter (here for illustrative purposes only):

• regulations on emissions for new cars (OECD 97)
• emission standards used (ambient or tailpipe) (ICLEI 98)
• air quality standards used (local/regional/national/WHO) (ICLEI 98)
• renewable energy usage defined as proportion of energy derived from renewable sources (hydro, wind, geothermal and solar electricity, combustion of animal wastes, fuelwood where this is being replaced through reforestation (UNCHS 1995)
• fuel price (UNCHS 95)
• expenditure on air pollution abatement and control (OECD 98)
• capacity of air pollution abatement equipment (stationary sources, motor vehicles) (OECD 98)