The climate of the city is determined by its physical and geographical location and is formed as a result of the interaction of solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, and the underlying terrain. The city is situated in the southern part of the temperate latitudes zone (latitude 42^o north), far from significant water objects. That fact determines the high standing of the sun above the horizon and the continental dryness of the climate. The open territory to the north and the northwest is favourable for the penetration of cold air masses of arctic origin. The Kyrgyz range also influences the temperature regime of the valley: it holds back cold air intrusions. 

A significant role in the climate formation is played by the elevation of the territory above sea level. The mean annual atmospheric pressure is 929 hPa, and on sea level - 1,013 hPa. The temperature background in Bishkek is lower than that in the points located at the same latitude, but at lower altitudes above sea level. The mean annual air temperature is 10.2^oC. The lowest air temperature was recorded in December 1930 (-38^oC), and the highest air temperature was recorded in July 1983 (43^oC). In the winter, it is 1-2^o C warmer in the southern elevated part of the city than in the northern part.