The first scientific institution of the city become the Academic centre established in 1924. The State museum of Kyrgyzstan was open in 1927. The first scientific and research institute named as Institute of study of local lore was also established. It conducted the study of natural resources and culture of native land Institute of language, literature and history was opened, then Institute of epidemiology, microbiology and hygiene (1938), Botanical gardens (1938) and the historical and archaeological expedition (1937) working under the Pedagogical institute were also opened in 1941.

The scientific and research work was occupied by 323 persons, among of whom there were 13 doctors and 45 candidates of sciences.

The Kyrgyz branch of Academy of sciences of the USSR was opened in 1943 and the researches in the field of geology, chemistry, biology, geography, history, ethnography, language, literature and art were began. Institute of history of the Communist party under the guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan (1950) The Scientific and Research Institute of pedagogics (1951), All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of complex automatization of the land-reclamation systems (1954) were also established.

Academy of sciences was renamed as National Academy of sciences of Kyrgyz Republic in 1993. It was recognised as the higher state scientific institution. The number of employees of the National Academy of sciences was 2768 men in 1995, including 145 doctors and 467 candidates of sciences. The 13 doctoral theses and 37 candidate theses were maintained.