Health of population

The state of human health is one of important indicators of urban environmental quality and sanitary conditions. Negative environmental and anthropogenic factors (high temperatures, solar radiation, air pollution, water deterioration, radioactivity, carcinogenic and toxic substances) adversely affect various organs, reduce human's immunity, and increase vulnerability to sicknesses and disorders. Sometimes these factors are the sources of epidemics, such as typhoid.

Source : Ministry of healthcare

Drinking water is the main subject of concern of medicinal, sanitary and epidemiological municipal services during last decade. In particular, bacteriological water pollution served as basic reason of mass morbidity of population by typhoid in 1996-1997. At that time, the number of diseased people exceeded 10.000 persons per year (100 times more then average rate in Dushanbe). Insufficient effectiveness of water-cleaning facilities, unstable water supply in many Dushanbe's microrayons and districts (this cause absorption of pollutants from underground), and ignorance of basic hygiene rules by population were the basic causes of typhoid epidemic.

Source : Ministry of healthcare

Children are most vulnerable to the waterborne enteric infections. The population frequently uses water from surface watercourses, without boiling, which is the factor of risk. During last 2 years, there are no sources of typhoid epidemic's origin.

Rather high sickness rate within city population is observed in cardiovascular and cancerous diseases, whereas their diagnostics is low.

According to the data from the Ministry of healthcare of Tajikistan, in 1999, the morbidity of Dushanbe's population (per 1000 inhabitants) was as follows:

• Infectious- parasitic - 30,0;
• Neoplasm - 0,6;
• Endocrine - 10,3;
• Blood and blood producing organs - 7,4;
• Circulatory system - 4,9;
• Respiratory organs - 101,4;
• Digestion organs - 17,2;
• Urino-genital system - 24,9;
• Skin and hypodermic cellular tissue - 19,1;
• Bone and muscular system - 3,9;
• Injuries and poisoning - 21,0

Migration of villagers to the city during last five years in search for job and high population growth rates leads to the increase in urban population's density. It causes a high rate of tuberculosis diseases and virus infections.

Today, essential assistance to the city's hospitals and healthcare centers comes from international organizations, in the frames of combat poverty programmes, reconstruction of water supply network, malaria prevention, etc.

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