| Driving force |
Pressure |
State |
Impact |
Response |
| Industry |
Heavy metals
(lead) Toxics chlorinated organics
CO
SOx
O3
HC (hydrocarbons)
NO2 |
Greater Jhb |
Major health impacts |
Proper air pollution
control for ex. low NOx burners and desulphurisation |
| Transportation |
COO3
CO2
HC
NOx
Particulate matter
Lead |
Greater Jhb
indicates increase in air pollution related to transportation and burning of coal |
Major health
impact Carcinogenic
Mutagenic
Heart and lung disease (emphesema etc) |
Unleaded fuel Public transport system
Promotion of cycling and cycling paths |
| Fossil fuels |
CO CO2
Particulate matter
HC
NOx
SOx
Smoke |
Informal settlements
- cooking and heating, and in electrified former black townships for cooking. |
Formation of
acid rain Respiratory illness |
Appropriate technology towards electrification Low smoke fuels
and use of clean burning fuels |
| Mine
dumps |
Dust (silica) |
Greater Jhb, especially in the
predominant wind direction, north-northwest of the mine dumps |
Respiratory illness
(silicons) and eye irritations from windborne dust |
Stabilisation
of ground and improved mine dump management. Grassing and
rehabilitation of mine dumps
EMPRs |
| Burning of waste |
Smoke Particulates
NOx
CO
Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated organics
Heavy metals |
Greater Jhb |
Major health impact
especially burning of medical waste |
Improvement of
equipment for waste incineration |
| Untarred roads |
Dust |
Mostly in townships and informal
settlements |
Respiratory illness and eye irritation |
Tarring
of roads |