| Driving
Force |
Pressure |
Impact |
| Industries |
Salinity TDS
Chloride
Sodium
Hardness
Heavy metals
Iron
Manganese
Ammonia |
Impact of poor chemical content TDS
Reduced crop yields for irrigation farmers,
High costs for desalinating or softening of water
Increased soap consumption
Chloride
Greater corrosion potential
Negative effect on crop production
Sodium
Negative effect for cardiac patients
Reduced crop yield
Reduced soil drainage
Hardness
Scale formation in pipes and appliances
Bicarbonate
Problematic for certain irrigated crops
|
| Metal Sheeting Industries |
Heavy metals pH
Copper levels
Chromium levels
Cadmium
Nickel
Lead
Zinc
Cobalt
Molybdenum |
Heavy metals
Mutagenic
Carcinogenic
Tetratogenic
Health and life threatening |
| Mining |
Salinity Sulphate
pH |
Sulphate
corrosion potential of water
laxative effects
|
| Urbanisation |
Urban run off |
Heavy metals |
| Population growth |
Water demand |
Higher water demand Higher
pollution levels
Inadequate infrastructure and services |
| Informal Settlements |
Waste in rivers |
Blockage of drains Overflowing
of sewerage systems |
| Sewerage systems Informal
Settlements |
Eutrophication Phosphate
Nitrogen
Pathogens in water
E.coli
Ammonia
|
Impact
of poor bacterial content Phosphate and Nitrogen
Blocked filters
Can result in toxicity
Causes geosmin taste and odor problems
Carcinogenic trihalomethane (during pre-columniation)
Impact on recreation
Pathogens
- Typhoid, cholera and gastroenteritis
E.coli
Diarrhoeal diseases
Parasitic infestation
|
| Agriculture |
Pesticides
Inappropriate methods
|
Interfere with breeding of mammals and birds Silt build in freshwater ecosystems, smothers aquatic organisms |
| Inadequate environmental
knowledge |
Increase in pollution, water
wastage and over consumption |
Over-consumption Wastage |
