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Biodiversity |
What is the general
situation with the ISSUE?
List of Ecologically Important Segments in the
Territory of Košice
On the basis of the analysis of biotic and abiotic
relations were earmarked the following ecologically important
segments, which represent habitats sites with irreplaceable function
in ecological stability and diversity of the contemporary country.
They have pronounced biological protective, landscape and aesthetic
value.
Ecologically important segments of the town
greenery are characterised by individual park areas especially from
the viewpoint of gardening value of taxa, dendrological specialities
and aesthetic values.
The park areas encompass in the town 44,81 ha. They
are larger or smaller areas of verdure in the residential area, in
the central part of the city. The composition of the tree species is
varied, indigenous kinds prevail up to 90%. In the centre of the
town there are small parks, which are part of city conservation. On
the fringe of the town there are larger park areas with natural
character.
Public verdure covers in the city more than
479,16 ha. It fulfils mostly protective and hygienic
functions.
Forest biotope
Jahodná
Area 1 ha. A bog biotope that is considerably
influenced by anthropogenic influences. From more rare taxa there
are frequent Dactylorhiza majalis, Dactylorhiza sambucina, Geum
rivale, Myosotis palustre, Lilium bulbiferum, Lilium martagon,
Gymnadenia conopsea, Gladiolus imbricatus, and others.
Pine forest above the Popradská Street
Area 5 ha. The forest habitat is made up of
monoculture of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra). In the western part of
the town it forms an important biocentre with a 30 years old healthy
stand.
Horný Bankov (Upper Bankov)
Area 11 ha. A forest biotope with the incidence of
Salamandra salamandra and Triturus alpestris.
Žobrák – agátový lesík (Beggar - black
locus t forest)
Area 4 ha. A forest complex formed mainly by black
locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Frangula alnus, and European
elder (Sambucus nigra). In the species composition of bird
community dominate blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), red-backed
shrike (Lanius collurio), nightingale (Luscinia
megarhynchos), and chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).
Forest fragment in the valley depression of
Bojarka
Area 25 ha. The forest fragment in the dry riverbed
of the erosion trench. The locality is an important communication
and shelter site in the agricultural landscape.
Poplar forest under Šaca
Area 26 ha. A forest planted for special purpose
for metallurgical factory. The diversified shrub undergrowth makes
up a rich base of biodiversity in industrially and agriculturally
loaded territory. It is a nesting site of buzzard (Buteo
buteo), goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), golden oriole
(Oriolus oriolus), and other birds.
Riverine stands
Myslavský potok (Myslava Brook)
Area 18 ha. A line, dense, well preserved overgrow
of riparian stands formed by white willow (Salix alba),
Salix triandra, Salix fragilis and European alder
(Alnus glutinosa).
Poľov – water reservoir and streamside
forests
Area 20 ha. A segment of wetland and aquatic
habitat in the middle of agricultural land close to the urbanised
and industrial centre. It is an important refugium for the breeding
of following amphibians: Triturus vulgaris, Bufo bufo
and others. Of bird fauna is known the steady occurrence of mallard
(Anas platyrhynchos), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus),
sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), long-eared owl
(Asio otus) and other birds.
Idanský potok (Ida Brook)
Area 13 ha. A line riverine stand formed by dense
shrubby community of white willow (Salix alba), Salix
cinerea, and European alder (Alnus glutinosa). Common
blackbird (Turdus merula), song thrush (Turdus
philomelos), blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) and other
species nest here.
Riparian stand of an intermittent stream, it flows
paralelly with the Idanský brook
Area 9 ha. A waterlogged territory separated from
the riverbed of the Idanský brook by a road. The locality is made up
of wel-set tree verdure. Sparsely stocked stand biotope is inhabited
by the following species: hoopoe (Upupa epops), golden oriole
(Oriolus oriolus), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur),
spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), and red-backed shrike
(Lanius collurio).
River terrace stand of Myslavský brook
Area 2,5 ha. Line stand of shrub verdure isolated
by arable soil. Due to the high canopy density and seclusion in the
space it is a suitable nesting habitat of long-eared owl (Asio
otus) in the suburban zone.
Poľovský brook
Area 11 ha. Line dense riparian stand on both sides
with grown tree storey made up of willow (Salix sp.) and
poplar (Populus sp.). It is a habitat for nesting birds in
the agricultural land.
Aquatic and swamp biotope
Premises Nad Jazerom
Area 32 ha. An open water surface. The lake is in
the southern part considerably eutrophicated with shallow and muddy
bottom. The whole range forms an important recreational locality
during winter for mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and mute swan
(Cygnus olor). Of the amphibians is known the appearance of
Bufo viridis, Rana ridibunda and other ones.
The biotope stand is made of the poplar alley
established 30 years ago and a 10 years old stripe of isolating
greenery with dense canopy closure.
The oxbow lake of Hornád at the regional depot of
the Slovak television
Area 3.5 ha. Waterlogged biotope is being overgrown
by willow (Salix sp.), alder (Alnus sp.) and poplar
(Populus sp.). The locality is a refugium of amphibians and
shrub birds in the city.
Sedimentation basin under Bankov with
line-up to Račí
brook
Area 8 ha. The location is an important refugium
for the breeding of amphibians. The can be found here Triturus
vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, tree frog
(Hyla arborea), Rana lessonae, and the edible frog
(Rana esculenta).
Čičky majer
Area 2 ha. An important amphibian refugium in the
suburban zone. An occurrence of Triturus vulgaris,
Triturus cristatus, Bufo bufo and other animals was
described. The location is suitable for study purposes of species
and interspecies relations.
Shrubby and meadow biotope
Prostredné tably
Area 4 ha. The shrubby and tree escape covert in
agricultural land creates a mini area of rich species diversity of
bird fauna.
Kavečany – Pod Lazmi
Area 0,05 ha. An enclave of wet terrain depression.
In herbal undergrowth dominate the following species Scirpus
sylvatica, Juncus sp., Veronica beccabunga, and
other ones. At the surrounding meadow xerotherm habitat an
appearance of rare taxa of family Orchidaceae was noticed.
Park areas
Town Park
Area 17 ha. The tree composition is made of
indigenous and exotic species as well. It is a far-famed nocturnal
place of rook (Corvus frugilegus), and during the migration
of collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in winter season. As
a nesting biotope it is used by great spotted woodpecker
(Dendrocopos major), nuthatch (Sitta europaea) and
other birds.
The park was established 90-120 years ago and at
the present some of the tree species are affected by drying up.
Natural Park Anička
Area 9 ha. A meadow biotope with dense groups of
trees, where are mostly represented the following trees: common
horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Populus x
canadensis, white willow (Salix alba) and flowering or
manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). The older part of the stand was
established 80-120 years ago, south of the older part of the park
are more diversified stands established 25 years ago.
The locality is an important catching and nesting
habitat for migrating species like: kestrel (Falco
tinnunculus), collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto),
great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), nuthatch
(Sitta europaea).
Komenského Park
Area 1 ha. A many broad-leaved and coniferous tree
species and shrubby formations are represented here. The age of the
established tree greenery is 70-110 years. The representation of
indigenous tree taxa is 75 %. The park is an important biotope,
especially of the bird fauna in the city.
Park in front of the policlinic Sever
Area 1 ha. A refugium of animal species in the
town. The species composition is made of trees and shrubs of
indigenous and foreign provenience and associated community of
birds, especially of birds nesting in the shrubs.
Park in Barca
Area 7 ha. The most valuable trees are solitaires
of oaks and linden and a group of the Austrian pine. The stand is
90-120 years old. The park is significant as a landscape structural
element and a refuge of bird fauna.
Common yew trees and the park at the baroque castle
in Šaca
Area 1,5 ha. The park stand was planted 100 years
ago. At the present the park needs reconstruction. A separate part
of park greenery was preserved in the area of original water
surfaces. They are the remnants of the groups of the English yew
(Taxus baccata), and alley of horse chestnut (Aesculus
hippocastanum).
Natural Park in Šaca
Area 1,5 ha. The park stand was established 80-100
years ago. At the present it is only a remnant of the original park
amenity planting. Only the alley of the horse chestnut (Aesculus
hippocastanum) is preserved. It is an important nesting biotope.
Katkin, Zuzkin a Medický parčík (Kathy’s, Susan's
and Medical Park)
Area 4,8 ha. Each of the 3 parks creates a small
peripheral park with a 25-35 years old stand and they represent
significant orchard, and at the same time ecological value, as well.
The most noteworthy specimens are the white fir (Abies concolor),
white pine (Pinus strobus), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata), and
others.
Park greenery in the neighbourhood of Luník
III.
Area 3,7 ha. The stand is made of taxonomically
varied planting group of trees and shrubs. The stands are 30 years
old. Conifers and broad-leaved tree species composition is in the
ratio1:5, with the presence of solitaire tree species. Indigenous
species represent 90%.
Parks in the pedestrian zone of the city
Area 0,54 ha. They constitute representative
greenery in the historic centre of the town as part of the city
memorial preserve. Indigenous tree species composition is up to 80%.
The most noticeable specimens are formed of the Colorado blue spruce
(Picea pungens), wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia), saucer magnolia
(Magnolia x soulangiana), and other trees.
Verdure of the civic facilities
Cintorín Rozália (Rozália cemetery)
Area 5 ha. The piety verdure is made up mainly of
conifers and broad-leaved trees with indigenous taxon composition 75
%. The biotope attains a high value from the dendrologic a point of
view. It is a refugium for many bird species in the town.
Fakultná nemocnica L. Pasteura- Rastislavova ulica
(Teaching hospital of L. Pasteur - Rastislavova Street)
Area 12 ha. Park greenery in the town is made up of
the tree and shrub formations of indigenous and exotic tree
species.
Areál Leteckej akadémie M. R. Štefánika (Campus of
the Flight Academy of M. R. Štefánik)
Area 7 ha. It is composed of group line, surface
and point tree greenery of park type established 80-100 years ago.
It is of a great importance, especially from the ornithological
viewpoint. As nesting birds are registered here chaffinch
(Fringilla coelebs), collared dove (Streptopelia
decaocto), greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), kestrel
(Falco tinnunculus) and other birds.
Alleys, line greenery
Tree alley – Moyzesova Street
Area 3 ha. The line park verdure in the city is
composed of mostly broad-leaved trees. The age of the trees is 50-80
years. Only indigenous species can be found in the stand. Collared
dove (Streptopelia decaocto), rook (Corvus
frugilegus), common blackbird (Turdus merula), goldfinch
(Carduelis carduelis) and other birds are nesting here.
Line poplar greenery in Krásna
Area 3 ha. Continuous Lombardy poplar alley on both
sides of the road (Populus nigra subsp.
pyramidalis).
Line greenery in Štúrova Street
Area 1 ha. The line greenery with a park character
and a corridor function, and as a barrier against the noise and
dust. It fits aesthetically properly into the town structure.
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