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State of the Environment in Košice 2001
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Biodiversity

  What is the general situation with the ISSUE?

List of Ecologically Important Segments in the Territory of Košice

On the basis of the analysis of biotic and abiotic relations were earmarked the following ecologically important segments, which represent habitats sites with irreplaceable function in ecological stability and diversity of the contemporary country. They have pronounced biological protective, landscape and aesthetic value.

Ecologically important segments of the town greenery are characterised by individual park areas especially from the viewpoint of gardening value of taxa, dendrological specialities and aesthetic values.

The park areas encompass in the town 44,81 ha. They are larger or smaller areas of verdure in the residential area, in the central part of the city. The composition of the tree species is varied, indigenous kinds prevail up to 90%. In the centre of the town there are small parks, which are part of city conservation. On the fringe of the town there are larger park areas with natural character.

Public verdure covers in the city more than 479,16 ha. It fulfils mostly protective and hygienic functions.

Forest biotope

Jahodná

Area 1 ha. A bog biotope that is considerably influenced by anthropogenic influences. From more rare taxa there are frequent Dactylorhiza majalis, Dactylorhiza sambucina, Geum rivale, Myosotis palustre, Lilium bulbiferum, Lilium martagon, Gymnadenia conopsea, Gladiolus imbricatus, and others.

Pine forest above the Popradská Street

Area 5 ha. The forest habitat is made up of monoculture of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra). In the western part of the town it forms an important biocentre with a 30 years old healthy stand.

Horný Bankov (Upper Bankov)

Area 11 ha. A forest biotope with the incidence of Salamandra salamandra and Triturus alpestris.

Žobrák – agátový lesík (Beggar - black locust forest)

Area 4 ha. A forest complex formed mainly by black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Frangula alnus, and European elder (Sambucus nigra). In the species composition of bird community dominate blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio), nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), and chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).

Forest fragment in the valley depression of Bojarka

Area 25 ha. The forest fragment in the dry riverbed of the erosion trench. The locality is an important communication and shelter site in the agricultural landscape.

Poplar forest under Šaca

Area 26 ha. A forest planted for special purpose for metallurgical factory. The diversified shrub undergrowth makes up a rich base of biodiversity in industrially and agriculturally loaded territory. It is a nesting site of buzzard (Buteo buteo), goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), and other birds.

Riverine stands

Myslavský potok (Myslava Brook)

Area 18 ha. A line, dense, well preserved overgrow of riparian stands formed by white willow (Salix alba), Salix triandra, Salix fragilis and European alder (Alnus glutinosa).

Poľov – water reservoir and streamside forests

Area 20 ha. A segment of wetland and aquatic habitat in the middle of agricultural land close to the urbanised and industrial centre. It is an important refugium for the breeding of following amphibians: Triturus vulgaris, Bufo bufo and others. Of bird fauna is known the steady occurrence of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), long-eared owl (Asio otus) and other birds.

Idanský potok (Ida Brook)

Area 13 ha. A line riverine stand formed by dense shrubby community of white willow (Salix alba), Salix cinerea, and European alder (Alnus glutinosa). Common blackbird (Turdus merula), song thrush (Turdus philomelos), blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) and other species nest here.

Riparian stand of an intermittent stream, it flows paralelly with the Idanský brook

Area 9 ha. A waterlogged territory separated from the riverbed of the Idanský brook by a road. The locality is made up of wel-set tree verdure. Sparsely stocked stand biotope is inhabited by the following species: hoopoe (Upupa epops), golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), and red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio).

River terrace stand of Myslavský brook

Area 2,5 ha. Line stand of shrub verdure isolated by arable soil. Due to the high canopy density and seclusion in the space it is a suitable nesting habitat of long-eared owl (Asio otus) in the suburban zone.

Poľovský brook

Area 11 ha. Line dense riparian stand on both sides with grown tree storey made up of willow (Salix sp.) and poplar (Populus sp.). It is a habitat for nesting birds in the agricultural land.

Aquatic and swamp biotope

Premises Nad Jazerom

Area 32 ha. An open water surface. The lake is in the southern part considerably eutrophicated with shallow and muddy bottom. The whole range forms an important recreational locality during winter for mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and mute swan (Cygnus olor). Of the amphibians is known the appearance of Bufo viridis, Rana ridibunda and other ones.

The biotope stand is made of the poplar alley established 30 years ago and a 10 years old stripe of isolating greenery  with dense canopy closure.

The oxbow lake of Hornád at the regional depot of the Slovak television

Area 3.5 ha. Waterlogged biotope is being overgrown by willow (Salix sp.), alder (Alnus sp.) and poplar (Populus sp.). The locality is a refugium of amphibians and shrub birds in the city.

Sedimentation basin under Bankov with line-up to Račí brook

Area 8 ha. The location is an important refugium for the breeding of amphibians. The can be found here Triturus vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, tree frog (Hyla arborea), Rana lessonae, and the edible frog (Rana esculenta).

Čičky majer

Area 2 ha. An important amphibian refugium in the suburban zone. An occurrence of Triturus vulgaris, Triturus cristatus, Bufo bufo and other animals was described. The location is suitable for study purposes of species and interspecies relations.

Shrubby and meadow biotope

Prostredné tably

Area 4 ha. The shrubby and tree escape covert in agricultural land creates a mini area of rich species diversity of bird fauna.

Kavečany – Pod Lazmi

Area 0,05 ha. An enclave of wet terrain depression. In herbal undergrowth dominate the following species Scirpus sylvatica, Juncus sp., Veronica beccabunga, and other ones. At the surrounding meadow xerotherm habitat an appearance of rare taxa of family Orchidaceae was noticed.

Park areas

Town Park

Area 17 ha. The tree composition is made of indigenous and exotic species as well. It is a far-famed nocturnal place of rook (Corvus frugilegus), and during the migration of collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in winter season. As a nesting biotope it is used by great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), nuthatch (Sitta europaea) and other birds.

The park was established 90-120 years ago and at the present some of the tree species are affected by drying up.

Natural Park Anička

Area 9 ha. A meadow biotope with dense groups of trees, where are mostly represented the following trees: common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Populus x canadensis, white willow (Salix alba) and flowering or manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). The older part of the stand was established 80-120 years ago, south of the older part of the park are more diversified stands established 25 years ago.

The locality is an important catching and nesting habitat for migrating species like: kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), nuthatch (Sitta europaea).

Komenského Park

Area 1 ha. A many broad-leaved and coniferous tree species and shrubby formations are represented here. The age of the established tree greenery is 70-110 years. The representation of indigenous tree taxa is 75 %. The park is an important biotope, especially of the bird fauna in the city.

Park in front of the policlinic Sever

Area 1 ha. A refugium of animal species in the town. The species composition is made of trees and shrubs of indigenous and foreign provenience and associated community of birds, especially of birds nesting in the shrubs.

Park in Barca

Area 7 ha. The most valuable trees are solitaires of oaks and linden and a group of the Austrian pine. The stand is 90-120 years old. The park is significant as a landscape structural element and a refuge of bird fauna.

Common yew trees and the park at the baroque castle in Šaca

Area 1,5 ha. The park stand was planted 100 years ago. At the present the park needs reconstruction. A separate part of park greenery was preserved in the area of original water surfaces. They are the remnants of the groups of the English yew (Taxus baccata), and alley of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum).

Natural Park in Šaca

Area 1,5 ha. The park stand was established 80-100 years ago. At the present it is only a remnant of the original park amenity planting. Only the alley of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is preserved. It is an important nesting biotope.

Katkin, Zuzkin a Medický parčík (Kathy’s, Susan's and Medical Park)

Area 4,8 ha. Each of the 3 parks creates a small peripheral park with a 25-35 years old stand and they represent significant orchard, and at the same time ecological value, as well. The most noteworthy specimens are the white fir (Abies concolor), white pine (Pinus strobus), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata), and others.

Park greenery in the neighbourhood of Luník III.

Area 3,7 ha. The stand is made of taxonomically varied planting group of trees and shrubs. The stands are 30 years old. Conifers and broad-leaved tree species composition is in the ratio1:5, with the presence of solitaire tree species. Indigenous species represent 90%.

Parks in the pedestrian zone of the city

Area 0,54 ha. They constitute representative greenery in the historic centre of the town as part of the city memorial preserve. Indigenous tree species composition is up to 80%. The most noticeable specimens are formed of the Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens), wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia), saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana), and other trees.

Verdure of the civic facilities

Cintorín Rozália (Rozália cemetery)

Area 5 ha. The piety verdure is made up mainly of conifers and broad-leaved trees with indigenous taxon composition 75 %. The biotope attains a high value from the dendrologic a point of view. It is a refugium for many bird species in the town.

Fakultná nemocnica L. Pasteura- Rastislavova ulica (Teaching hospital of L. Pasteur - Rastislavova Street)

Area 12 ha. Park greenery in the town is made up of the tree and shrub formations of indigenous and exotic tree species.

Areál Leteckej akadémie M. R. Štefánika (Campus of the Flight Academy of M. R. Štefánik)

Area 7 ha. It is composed of group line, surface and point tree greenery of park type established 80-100 years ago. It is of a great importance, especially from the ornithological viewpoint. As nesting birds are registered here chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and other birds.

Alleys, line greenery

Tree alley – Moyzesova Street

Area 3 ha. The line park verdure in the city is composed of mostly broad-leaved trees. The age of the trees is 50-80 years. Only indigenous species can be found in the stand. Collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), rook (Corvus frugilegus), common blackbird (Turdus merula), goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and other birds are nesting here.

Line poplar greenery in Krásna

Area 3 ha. Continuous Lombardy poplar alley on both sides of the road (Populus nigra subsp. pyramidalis).

Line greenery in Štúrova Street

Area 1 ha. The line greenery with a park character and a corridor function, and as a barrier against the noise and dust. It fits aesthetically properly into the town structure.

 

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 Page Editor: Lucia Byšická
This page was last updated: 20.2.2002