Biodiversity

  What is the general situation with the biodiversity?


The fauna of Tbilisi environs is featured by significant peculiarity. From mammals there should be noted: Meles meles, Central Asian Stone Marten (Martes foina), Mustela nivalis, Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), Wild Cat (Velis silvestris), Rabbit (Lepus europeus), Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), Transcaucasian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). From rodents widely spread in Tbilisi and its environs there should be noted: Wood Mouse (Sylvimus silvatcus), Black Rat (Rattus rattus), and Domestic Mouse (Mus musculus).

From 10 general of three families of cheiroptera, in Tbilisi and its environs 13 species of seven genera should be found, from which the two species are included into the Red Book of Georgia. These are Barbastella barbastellus and Miniopterus schreibersii.

Reptiles are increasing in number these days. The most significant are: Lacerta strigla, Lacerta sacsicolor, Ophisaurus apodus, Natrix tescelata, Vipera lebetina, Emys orbicularis and Testudo graeca are noted. As for amphibians, in Tbilisi environs there could be found Bufo bufo and Rana ridibunda.

In the Mtkvari River and its tributaries, as well as in the number of reservoirs of Tbilisi environs the various kinds of fish are to be found: Leuciscus cephalus fauriscus, Varicorhynus capoeta, Barbus cyri, Nemachilus brundti, Silurus glanis, Cobius platirostris cyricus.

The ornithological fauna of Tbilisi environs is much more diverse. In particular, 213 species of 19 general are accounted. Only several widespread species will be given; dwelling birds: Pesser domesticus, Turdus merula, Chloris chloris, Turdus visciurus, Fringila coelebs;hibernating birds: Anas platyrhynchos, Turdus pilaris, Serinuus pusillus;nestling birds: Coturnix coturnix, Cuculus canoris, Apus apus, Hirundo rustica, Delichon urbica; from birds of passage Scolopax rusticola is notable.

Tbilisi environs are featured by phitocenological diversity . Almost all cenoses peculiar to the whole Georgia are noted in its environs. The species prevailing among wood vegetation are: Pinus sp., Quercus sp., and Fagus sp., Larpinus sp. Also among the wood vegetation there are found Acer campestre, Populus sp., and others.

From various plant species found in Tbilisi environs there are notable:

a) Plants entered into the Red Book of Georgia: Acer iberikum, Iris iberika, Tulipa biebersteiniana, Hedera Pastuchovi, Astragalus caucasicus, Campanula armazica, Celtis caukazika, and Punika granatum.

b) Endemic species of Tbilisi environs: Thelycrania armazica and Evonymus armazica, Rubus ibericus.

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