Toxic pollution:human-made  and  accompanying to that activities 

Human made. Use of chemicals is one of the most important conditions for the economic and social development of the society. Today such fields of human activities as public health, agriculture, industry, transport, environmental protection, domestic sector and many other ones are unimaginable without chemicals. By general approach the chemicals can be divided into three parts according to their designation:

• agricultural (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and others)
• domestic (paints, detergents and etc.)
• industrial (raw materials for chemical industry and others)

In developed countries from about 10 mln existing chemicals up to 100 000 are used for commercial purposes, so that immediate consumers of these substances (enterprises, organizations, humans and others) would use them for industrial and other purposes. Each year several thousands of new chemicals are produced and enter international trade for the first time. The transitional economies (including Georgia) also widely produce chemicals and/or use them.

The great number of chemicals are featured by toxicity, are carcinogenic, mutagenic or have other or several properties of harmful influence on human health and environment. The negative influence of on-place use of chemicals may spread not only locally, but also regionally or long distance away as well.

Pollutants emitted as a result of human activities have substantial share in toxic pollution of the environment. Pollutant emission sources are of following kinds:

• stationary (enterprises/installations, sewage, gas/oil pipelines and other)
• mobile (motor, marine, air transport, and etc.)
• diffuse (landfills, pesticides, fertilizers and etc.)

From pollution sources of various kinds there are emitted not only the substances, which are used by humans for certain purposes, but also those, which accompany humans' activities, and emerge unintentionally or against their wish.

Accompanying to that activities.There are a lot of examples of such polluters of environment: transport exhaust, emissions of enterprises and etc. A particular attention should be given to the issue of emissions of chlororganic substances into environment (dioxins/furans - from combustion and thermal processes, water pollution by the toxicants of this kind as a result of the disinfection by chlorine).

Toxic pollution of the environment by chemicals may cause:

• short-term (immediate) and obvious harm/accidents (for example, if we deal with single strong influence, such as indial accident or poisoning of a consumer by incorrect use of pesticides or other cases) or develop more frequently
• long-term and imperceptible process, which results in need of appropriate observation, evaluation of losses obtained.

That is why the principles of sustainable development have been established, which (from the standpoint of environmental pollution prevention) mean minimization or prevention of their negative influence.

It is possible to achieve this in Georgia:

• by implementation of the principle of sound management of chemicals at the national (central power), regional (territory authority, municipality), and local (sakrebulo) levels;
• by raise of the role of the public (or, each of its members) in the process of decision-making